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Franklin Fibre |
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 Vulcanized
FRANKLIN Fibre™ is a very hard, dense homogeneous material up to .093"
thick, possessing a wide range of favorable properties. In its initial stage,
it is processed very much like a high-grade rag paper, but without the addition
of sizing. It is then treated with zinc chloride which changes the structure
and converts the cotton fibers into a gelatinous material. After all chemicals
are leached out by progressively soaking in tanks, the fibre is placed in
heated rooms until thoroughly dry. It is then steamed and flattened under
heat by hydraulic presses or rolled under pressure. After this, it is run
through heated rolls to bring out surface finish. Layers of fibre can be
stacked and bonded under pressure providing thicker "built-up" sheet.
Vulcanized FRANKLIN Fibre™ Tubing is moisture conditioned and then rolled under pressure to finished inside diameter and oversized outside diameter. The outside diameter is then finished, ground-to-size and buffed. Vulcanized FRANKLIN Fibre™ is available in sheet, rod, tubing and roll or coil stock. Standard colors are Red, Gray and Black. FRANKLIN Insulating Paper (Fishpaper) is a special grade of Fibre sheet with superior electrical properties and flexibility. |
| Special Properties. . . | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mechanical |
Electrical |
Fabricating |
| FRANKLIN Fibre™ is light in weight, with extremely good tensile and impact strength. It has one of the highest strength-to-weight ratios of all materials. It has wearing properties far beyond those of wood and leather. | FRANKLIN Fibre™ ranks high as a dielectric. It does not carbonize readily when subjected to arcing, and when so exposed, it gives off a gas which tends to quench the arc. | FRANKLIN Fibre™ can easily be worked by practically all conventional machining methods, and responds readily to rather severe forming operations. |
| Uses . . . | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mechanical |
Electrical Insulation |
Miscellaneous |
| Abrasive disc backing, reinforcements, cams, cradle rollers, cutting boards, trunks, suit cases, gaskets, washers, gears, handles, pulleys, bobbin heads (spools), tools, welders' shields, shuttles, tags, etc. | Arc shields, barriers, brush holders, bushings, coil forms, armatures, fuse cartridges, motor insulation, spools, switch insulation, terminal strips, transformer insulation, etc. | Book binders, boot trees, surgical ligature reels, trunk fibre, waste baskets, etc. |
| Specifications. . . | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial Grade
|
Franklin Fishpaper
|
||
|
Ordnance: ASA: Federal: AMS: NEMA: Military: Air Corps: Military: UL: |
AXS-643 C-59.20-1949 commercial HH-P-91 Type CH 3564 Grade CH VU 1-1961 commercial MIL-F-1148A Type CH #40231 (red) Type CH MIL-F-10336A #E48013 |
Military: ASA: ASTM: NEMA: |
MIL-I-695A Type F C-59.20-1949 electrical insulation D-710 electrical insulation VU 1-1961 electrical insulation |
FRANKLIN FIBRE STANDARD PROPERTIES |
|||||
|
THICKNESS
(INCHES) |
UNITS
|
FRANKLIN
FIBRE |
FRANKLIN
FISH PAPER |
||
 |
Density Specific Volume |
1/16 1/16 |
grams-cc cu. in./lb. |
1.2 23 |
1.2 23 |
|
Tensile Strength MD CD |
1/16
|
psi
|
18000 9000 |
21000 10000 |
|
|
Modulus of Elasticity in Tension MD CD |
1/16
|
psi
x 105
|
12 8 |
12 8 |
|
| Flexural Strength |
1/16
|
psi
|
26000 16000 |
29000 16000 |
|
| Compressive Strength |
1/16
|
psi
|
35000
|
35000
|
|
| Impact Strength, Izod, Edgewise |
1/16
|
ft.-lbs./in. notch |
2 1.8 |
2.5 2 |
|
| Hardness, Rockwell R Scale |
1/16
|
Divisions
|
80
|
70
|
|
| Bond Strength, ASTM D-952 |
1/16
|
psi
|
900
|
900
|
|
| Bursting Strength, Mullen |
1/64
|
psi
|
--
|
325
|
|
| Tear Strength, Elmendorf |
1/64
|
grams
|
-- -- |
550 700 |
|
 |
Dielectric Strength, Short Time |
1/64 1/16 1/8 |
volts/mil
|
230 200 195 |
400 215 200 |
| Arc Resistance, ASTM D-495 |
1/16
|
seconds
|
80
|
125
|
|
| Comparative Tracking Index (UL)* |
|
|
600+
|
600+
|
|
 |
Thermal Conductivity, 149°F. |
|
Btu/hr./ ft.2/°F./ft. |
0.168
|
0.168
|
| Specific Heat |
|
Btu/lb/°F.
|
0.403
|
0.403
|
|
| Heat Resistance, Continuous (UL)* |
|
°C
|
110 Mechanical 115 Electrical |
110 115 |
|
| Thermal Expansion x 10-5 |
|
in./in./°F
|
1.1 1.7 |
1.1 1.7 |
|
|
Dimensional Change, per Percent Change in Moisture Content |
|
%
|
1 0.1 0.25 |
1 0.1 0.25 |
|
| Water Absorption, 24 Hours |
1/16
|
%
|
66
|
63
|
|
|
Coefficient of Friction Fibre on Fibre Fibre on Smooth Cast Iron |
|
|
0.16 0.21 |
0.16 0.21 |
|
| Flammability, ASTM D-635 |
1/16
|
in./min.
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
|
|
COMMERCIAL
- BONE - SPECIAL WHITE - FISHPAPER
|
|||||
|
Thickness |
Weight of
48" x 80" Full Sheet (Lbs) |
Weight of
40" x 48" Half Sheet (Lbs) |
Weight of
24" x 40" Quarter Sheet (Lbs) |
Thickness
Tolerance (Inches) |
|
|
.005
|
0.9
|
0.45
|
0.225
|
||
|
.010
|
1.9
|
0.95
|
0.475 |
Range of FRANKLIN FISHPAPER | |
|
.015
|
2.9
|
1.45
|
0.725
|
||
|
.020
|
3.8
|
1.9
|
0.95
|
±
10%
|
|
|
.025
|
4.8
|
2.4
|
1.2
|
||
|
1/32
|
6.0
|
3.0
|
1.5
|
||
|
.040
|
7.7
|
3.85
|
1.925
|
||
|
3/64
|
9.0
|
4.5
|
2.25
|
±
.004
|
|
|
1/16
|
12.0
|
6.0
|
3.0
|
±
.005
|
|
|
.080
|
15.4
|
7.7
|
3.85
|
±
.007
|
|
|
3/32
|
18.0
|
9.0
|
4.5
|
±
.007
|
|
|
1/8
|
24.0
|
12.0
|
6.0
|
±
.009
|
|
|
5/32
|
30.0
|
15.0
|
7.5
|
±
.012
|
|
|
3/16
|
36.0
|
18.0
|
9.0
|
±
.012
|
|
|
7/32
|
42.0
|
21.0
|
10.5
|
±
.012
|
|
|
1/4
|
48.0
|
24.0
|
12.0
|
±
.012
|
|
|
5/16
|
60.0
|
30.0
|
15.0
|
±
.012
|
|
|
3/8
|
72.0
|
36.0
|
18.0
|
±
.012
|
|
|
7/16
|
84.0
|
42.0
|
21.0
|
±
.015
|
|
|
1/2
|
96.0
|
48.0
|
24.0
|
±
.015
|
|
|
9/16
|
108.0
|
54.0
|
27.0
|
±
.015
|
|
|
5/8
|
120.0
|
60.0
|
30.0
|
±
.015
|
|
|
3/4
|
144.0
|
72.0
|
36.0
|
±.025
|
|
|
7/8
|
168.0
|
84.0
|
42.0
|
±.025
|
|
|
1
|
192.0
|
96.0
|
48.0
|
±.040
|
|
|
1
1/4
|
240.0
|
120.0
|
60.0
|
±.040
|
|
|
1
1/2
|
288.0
|
144.0
|
72.0
|
±.060
|
|
|
1
5/8
|
312.0
|
156.0
|
78.0
|
±.060
|
|
|
1
3/4
|
336.0
|
168.0
|
84.0
|
±.060
|
|
|
1
7/8
|
360.0
|
180.0
|
90.0
|
±.060
|
|
|
2
|
384.0
|
192.0
|
96.0
|
±.060
|
|
| Franklin Fibre™ is machined in much the same way as Franklin Lamitex described in the next section. However, fibre may be pressure formed and general instructions for this operation are given below. | Effect
of Temperature The application of Franklin Fibre™ should be limited to temperatures below 425°. However, active combustion does not begin until a temperature of 650°F. has been reached. |
| Bending
and Forming Franklin Fibre™ is usually formed by tempering and then drying in the required form. Tempering is accomplished by steaming or soaking the fibre in hot or cold water. It is then left in the form of the required shape until thoroughly dry. Heated dies are usually used to speed up the operation which can be further accelerated by steaming instead of soaking. Straight angles are formed in a heated brake. All fibre forms should be designed so that bending occurs parallel to the grain. Tubes may be bent by tempering, filling with sand and drying in wooden forms. |
Effect of Solvents |
| Punching Franklin Fibre™ is readily punched without any preliminary treatment. For thin stock, a close fitting die is required, while for thicker stock up to 1/4", clearances of .008" give good die life. However, fibre of this thickness cannot be punched with a clean edge. It is necessary to blank slightly oversized and then "shave" to the desired size and shape. Shaving cutters should be ground with a slant of 45° for longest life. This angle can be increased for cleaner edges but only at the expense of cutter life. Best surfaces are obtained by an additional operation with a finishing cutter and in some cases by a preliminary heating of the fibre. |
Effect
of Oil Hot oil tends to reduce the moisture content of fibre but this loss is subsequently regained. Even under extremely high pressure, there is little tendency for oil to penetrate Franklin Fibre™. |
|
A
variety of properties can be developed for specific applications. The
hardness can be varied from soft to hard as bone. Plasticizers can be
used where more flexibility is required. Fibre is a unique material in
that its physical properties actually improve with age.